In a criminal case, there are typically seven basic steps that occur from the initiation of the case to its resolution.

These steps can vary slightly depending on the jurisdiction and the specifics of the case, but they generally include the following…

1. Investigation –  Law enforcement agencies investigate to gather evidence and information about the alleged crime. This may involve interviewing witnesses, collecting physical evidence, and analyzing forensic evidence.
2. Arrest –  If law enforcement officials believe they have probable cause to believe that a crime has been committed and that the defendant is responsible, they may arrest the individual. The defendant is then taken into custody and booked, which involves recording their personal information and taking fingerprints and photographs.
3. Initial Appearance –  The defendant appears before a judge for an initial appearance, where they are informed of the charges against them, advised of their rights, and, if necessary, appointed an attorney if they cannot afford one.
4. Arraignment – At the arraignment, the defendant formally hears the charges against them and enters a plea of guilty, not guilty, or nolo contendere (no contest). The judge may also address issues such as bail or bond.
5. Pretrial Proceedings – Pretrial proceedings may include motions hearings, plea negotiations, discovery (exchange of evidence between the prosecution and defense), and other procedural matters. These proceedings are designed to resolve legal issues and prepare the case for trial.
6. Trial –  If the case proceeds to trial, the prosecution and defense present evidence and arguments to a judge or jury, who then determines the defendant’s guilt or innocence. The trial typically consists of opening statements, presentation of evidence, witness testimony, closing arguments, and jury instructions.
7. Sentencing – If the defendant is found guilty or pleads guilty, the case proceeds to sentencing, where the judge imposes a punishment or penalty. Sentencing may involve fines, probation, community service, restitution, or incarceration, among other possibilities.

These seven steps provide a general framework for the progression of a criminal case, the specifics of each case can vary widely depending on factors such as the nature of the crime, the jurisdiction, and the legal strategies employed by the prosecution and defense.